Rare autoimmune diseases comprise aheterogeneous group of disorders where the immune system mistakenly targets andattacks the body’s own tissues.
These diseases can affect various organs andsystems, leading to diverse clinical manifestations. Examples include systemiclupus erythematodes, systemic diseases with autoimmune uveitis, and autoimmunelymphoproliferative syndrome. Due to their rarity, diagnosis is oftenchallenging and involves a combination of clinical evaluation, serologicaltests for specific autoantibodies, advanced imaging techniques, and genetictesting. Management typically involves immunosuppressive therapies, such ascorticosteroids, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, and biologics, tailoredto the specific disease and patient needs. In rare cases, hematopoietic stemcell transplantation may be necessary to cure the disease. Early and accuratediagnosis is essential to prevent irreversible tissue damage and improvepatient outcomes. Given their complexity and rarity, these diseases oftenrequire specialized care and ongoing monitoring.
